Review of taste masking techniques in Chinese patent medicine / 中国中药杂志

Single herbs and Chinese patent medicine preparations often have bad taste, such as bitterness and astringency, which is one of the key factors affecting patients' medication compliance, and would affect the therapeutic effect and restrict the extensive application in clinical practice. Therefore, how to make use of taste masking techniques to improve the bad taste of traditional Chinese medicines has become an important project. Through the collection and summarization of Chinese and foreign journals and papers in recent years, this paper discussed the generation mechanism of bitter taste, the new methods of masking bitter taste and the evaluation me-thods of bitter taste, in order to provide references for the taste masking of Chinese patent medicines preparations.

Clinicopathological Observation of Primary Renal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma--A Report of Two Cases / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features as well as diagnosis, differential diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of patients with primary renal non-hodgkin's lymphoma (PRNHL).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 2 patients with PRNHL from January 2013 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#One of the two male patients PRNHL aged 51 years old, admitted to hospital for swelling and pain in the right waist, B-ultra sonic examination showed a very solid upper right renal space occupying lesion. CT showed the soft tissue mass of the right kidney about 10.5 cmx 8.6 cm. Preoperative diagnosis was a right kidney cancer subjected to radical surgery, and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was a right renal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Expression of CD20, CD79a, Mum-1, BCL-2, BCL-6 in tumor cells was identified by inmmunohistochemistry, and Ki-67 proliferation index was 90%. Six courses of chemotherapy with R-CHOPE regimen were carried out supplemented local radiotherapy. The patients were followed up for 32 months, which were generally in good condition and stable. The another patient was 65 years old, no without obvious clinical symptoms, B-ultrasonic examination found a space occupying lesion in the left kidney. Abdomind CT scan plus enhancement showed the left kidneydisplayed uneven enhanced lesions of size 9 cm x 5 cm, the preoperative diagnosis was left kidney cancer, the pathological diagnosis was diagnosed as mall B cell lymphoma of the left kidney after the radical operation. Immunohistochemistry determined expression of CD20, CD79a, pax-5, BCL-2 in tumor cells and Ki-67 proliferation index 10%. 6 courses of chemotherapy with CHOPE regimen had been performed and followed up for 20 months, the conditions were generally good and stable.@*CONCLUSION@#PRNHL is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma with atypical clinical symptoms characterized by lumbar swelling pain. It is easy to be misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma before operation. The diagnosis depends on pathology and immunohisto-chemistry. The prognosis of 2 patients was relatively good. PRNHL should be differetiated with renal sarcomatoid cancer, nephroblastoma and other diseases. Surgical resection plus chemotherapy is recommended.

Isolation, Culture and Biological Characteristics of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Cryopreserved Umbilical Cord Blood / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a novel method to isolate endothelial progenitor cells（EPC） from cryopreserved umbilical cord blood (cryoUCB), to investigate the biological characteristics of EPC and to improve the rate of EPC obtained from cryoUCB.@*METHODS@#Twelve cryoUCB samples during 2000 to 2001 years were collected from allogeneic cord blood bank, cryoUCB was thawed rapidly in a water bath at 37 ℃, total nucleated cells (TNCs) were washed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). TNCs were seeded onto fibronectin-coated dishes to isolate EPC. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to identify EPC. The function of EPC was identified in vitro, such as the incorporation of Dil-Ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-I, the formation of capillary-like structure in matrigel, and the release of VEGF by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#One to five cluster of cobble stone-like cells appeared at 2-3 weeks after seeding. Flow cytometric analysis showed that positive rates of CD31, CD34, CD144, and VEGFR (CD309) were（92.91±5.20）%, （30.0±23.27）%, （88.55±3.83）% and （67.21±12.12）% in passage 1 to passage 3 of EPC. EPC could uptake Dil-Ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-I, form capillary-like network on Matriget and release VEGF.@*CONCLUSION@#EPC had been successfully isolated from cryopreserved umbilical cord blood by this method with high stability and reproducibility. EPC can be obtained in 85% frozen umbilical cord blood. This method may lay a foundation to supply abundant EPC for clinical application.

Efficacy evaluation of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution dosage and administration method on bowel preparation before colonoscopy / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To assess the efficacy of bowel preparation and tolerability, adverse reactions, re-examination willingness in different dose and taking method of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (PEG) before colonoscopy. Method This was a prospective, randomized, single-blind trial. From March 2017 to April 2017, 200 patients underwent colonoscopy were randomized to 3 group as 2L group (n = 60), (2+1)L group (n = 75) or 3L group (n = 65). The primary outcome was preparation quality from procedure photos using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Additional aims of this study were to compare patient's tolerability, side reaction, and the re-examination willingness. Results Over the course of the study we identified 184 eligible outpatients to participate in the study, including 2L group (n = 58), (2+1)L group (n = 70) and 3L group (n = 56). The average of BBPS scores for (2+1)L group and 3L group were higher than 2L group's score (P < 0.05). The scores according to BBPS of the (2+1)L group and 3L group were similar (P > 0.05) but the score of right colon of 3L group was higher than (2+1)L group (P < 0.05). The tolerability, adverse reactions and re-examination willingness of 2L group and (2+1)L group were better than 3L group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The (2+1)L PEG preparation for colonoscopy had higher efficacy than 2L PEG, reduced the adverse reaction of patients and improved the tolerance and the re-examination willingness.

Biomechanical analysis of plantar pressure of heel pain based on 3D knee-ankle-foot finite element model / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects of insole parameter changes on biomechanical mechanism of heel pain by finite element methods.Methods The 3D finite element model of foot,crus bones,gastrocnemius muscle and knee joint was reconstructed based on CT images.The plantar pressure distribution and peak pressure were calculated by changing the shape,thickness and hardness of the insole.Results The distribution of plantar pressure calculated by the finite element model was generally consistent with that measured by the pressure plate,and the values were very close.Compared with the barefoot standing,the peak pressure of the heel was decreased by 20.5％,59.2％ and 38.4％,and that of the metatarsal head was decreased by 9.9％,18.1％ and 46.7％,with flat insole,half-contact insole and full-contact insole,respectively.For patients with heel pain,the pressure peak of the heel and the metatarsal head at plantar surface decreased with the conventional thickness of insole increasing and the hardness of insole decreasing.Conclusions The changes in insole parameters have a significant influence on the plantar pressure distribution.Finite element analysis can contribute to discovering the etiology and pathology of heel pain,so as to provide the theoretical basis for clinical treatment.

Biomechanical analysis of plantar pressure of heel pain based on 3D knee-ankle-foot finite element model / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects of insole parameter changes on biomechanical mechanism of heel pain by finite element methods. Methods The 3D finite element model of foot, crus bones, gastrocnemius muscle and knee joint was reconstructed based on CT images. The plantar pressure distribution and peak pressure were calculated by changing the shape, thickness and hardness of the insole. Results The distribution of plantar pressure calculated by the finite element model was generally consistent with that measured by the pressure plate, and the values were very close. Compared with the barefoot standing, the peak pressure of the heel was decreased by 20.5%, 59.2% and 38.4%, and that of the metatarsal head was decreased by 9.9%, 18.1% and 46.7%, with flat insole, half-contact insole and full-contact insole, respectively. For patients with heel pain, the pressure peak of the heel and the metatarsal head at plantar surface decreased with the conventional thickness of insole increasing and the hardness of insole decreasing. Conclusions The changes in insole parameters have a significant influence on the plantar pressure distribution. Finite element analysis can contribute to discovering the etiology and pathology of heel pain, so as to provide the theoretical basis for clinical treatment.

Effects of gastrocnemius muscle force on foot biomechanics based on the finite element analysis / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects of gastrocnemius muscle forces on biomechanical mechanism of heel pain. Methods The finite element model of the foot including foot bone, soft tissues, ligaments and plantar fascia was reconstructed based foot CT images by Mimics software. The gastrocnemius force applied on the foot was 40%-90% of half-body weight（320 N） with increment of 5% of half-body weight（16 N）. The plantar surface pressure distribution and peak pressure as well as the plantar fascia stress were calculated. Results The plantar surface pressure distribution was mainly concentrated on the heel and metatarsal head. With the increase of gastrocnemius force, the peak plantar pressure at the heel decreased, while the peak pressure at the front of the foot decreased at first and then increased, which reached the minimum value with the load of 224 N. The plantar fascia stress increased with the gastrocnemius force increasing. Conclusions Gastrocnemius force applied on the foot has a significant influence on the plantar pressure distribution. Finite element analysis can contribute to understanding etiology and pathology of foot diseases, predicting the biomechanical results of the treatment and provide theoretical reference for treatments.

Effects from right hepatic vein and inferior vena cava position on mechanism of Budd-Chiari syndrome / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects from various angles between inferior vein cava (IVC) and right hepatic vein (RHV) on pathogenesis of IVC membranous obstruction for patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Methods The normal 3D solid model of IVC and hepatic veins was reconstructed using MRI angiograms, and the angle between IVC and RHV was 56°. The two models with IVC-RHV angle of 30° and 120° were established, respectively, based on the reconstructed model. The distributions of wall shear stress, static pressure and blood velocity of the 3 models were calculated by numerical simulation. Results The wall shear stresses, static pressure and blood velocity of the 3 models displayed significantly differences. Compared with the normal 56° model, the 30° model showed a higher wall pressure and lower blood velocity, while the 120° model presented a lower wall pressure and blood velocity with turbulence of blood flowing, and such hemodynamic changes would increase the risk of thrombosis. The 56° model had the fastest blood velocity. Conclusions Numerical simulation of the flow in IVC and RHV can promote to discover the pathogenesis of BCS, and help to predict risk of IVC membranous obstruction, and provide theoretical references for BCS treatment.

Analysis of the pregnancy outcomes of 13 723 tubes of sperm specimens from the sperm bank / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) with donated sperm from the sperm bank and the differences in the pregnancy outcomes of different means of promoting pregnancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed and compared the feedback data on promoting pregnancy with donated sperm from the sperm bank by artificial insemination by donor (AID), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasm sperm injection (ICSI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 13 723 tubes of sperm specimens were used for ART. The number of specimens used differed in different clinical reproductive centers, some using 1 tube and others using 2 tubes per cycle. The 13 723 tubes were used for a total of 7 743 cycles. Among the 7 123 cycles of AID, there were 1 415 clinical pregnancies (19.87%), 1 221 normal births (86.29%), 169 abortions (11.94%), 6 cases of birth defects (0.43%), 19 ectopic pregnancies (1.34%), and 0 sexually transmitted infection. Among the 571 cycles of IVF, there were 367 clinical pregnancies (64.27%), 330 normal births (89.92%), 35 abortions (9.54%), 0 birth defect, 2 ectopic pregnancies (0.54%), and 0 sexually transmitted infection. Among the 49 cycles of ICSI, there were 28 clinical pregnancies (57.14%), 25 normal births (89.29%), 3 abortions (10.71%), 0 birth defect, 0 ectopic pregnancy, and 0 sexually transmitted infection. There were statistically significant differences in the rate of clinical pregnancy among AID, IVF and ICSI (P < 0.05), but not between IVF and ICSI (P > 0.05), nor were there any significant differences in the rates of abortion, birth defects and ectopic pregnancy among AID, IVF and ICSI (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>None of the recipients of the donated sperm from the sperm bank was infected with sexually transmitted diseases. AID, IVF and ICSI showed no significant differences from natural conception in the rates of abortion, birth defects and ectopic pregnancy. ART with donated sperm from the sperm bank is safe. IVF and ICSI are associated with a higher rate of pregnancy than AID, though the latter costs less than the former two.</p>

The effects of EIF4E gene down-regulation induced by siRNA on the proliferation and cell cycle of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 / 肿瘤

Objective: To study the effect of down-regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF 4E ) induced by the siRNA expression plasmid on the proliferation and cell cycle of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Methods: The siRNA expression plasmid pGPU6/GFP/Neo-EIF4E was constructed and then transfected into breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by LipofectAMINE2000. The expressions of EIF4E and cyclin D1 mRNAs and proteins were examined by RT-PCR, Western blotting and the immunocytochemistry method, respectively. The MTT method, plate colony formation assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the proliferation ability, cell colony formation rate and cell cycle distribution of MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with siRNA expression plasmid. Results: The siRNA expression plasmid pGPU6/GFP/Neo-EIF4E was constructed successfully. The expressions of EIF4E and cyclin D1 mRNAs and proteins were all decreased markedly after transfection with pGPU6/GFP/Neo-EIF4E (P <0.05). The growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in the pGPU6/GFP/Neo-EIF4E-tranfected group was inhibited and the cell colony formation rate was statistically decreased (P<0.05) as compared with those in the blank control and the pGPU6/GFP-transfected groups. The result of flow cytometry showed that the percentage of cells in G1 phase in the pGPU6/GFP/Neo-EIF4E-tranfected group was higher than that in the blank control group (71.30%±0.47% vs 53.10%±0.43%); however, the percentage of cells in S phase was signifcantly lower (12.53%±0.13% vs 26.47%±0.38%, P <0.05). Conclusion: EIF 4E siRNA can downregulate EIF 4E gene expression in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, suppress cell proliferation to some extent, and increase the number of cells in G1 phase with a decreased number of cells in S phase. EIF 4E gene may become one of the important molecular targets to breast cancer. Copyright© 2011 by the Editorial Board of Tumor.